Thonje lachilengedwe: Thonje lachilengedwe limatanthauza thonje lomwe lapeza satifiketi yachilengedwe ndipo limalimidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachilengedwe kuyambira kusankha mbewu mpaka kulima mpaka kupanga nsalu.
Gulu la thonje:
Thonje losinthidwa majini: Mtundu uwu wa thonje wasinthidwa majini kuti ukhale ndi chitetezo chamthupi chomwe chingagonjetse tizilombo toopsa kwambiri ku thonje, thonje la bollworm.
Thonje lokhazikika: Thonje lokhazikika likadali thonje lachikhalidwe kapena losinthidwa majini, koma kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo polima thonje ili kumachepa, ndipo zotsatira zake pamadzi nazonso ndizochepa.
Thonje lachilengedwe: Thonje lachilengedwe limapangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu, nthaka, ndi zinthu zaulimi pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe, kulamulira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kusamalira ulimi wachilengedwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala sikuloledwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yopangira zinthu zopanda kuipitsa.
Kusiyana pakati pa thonje lachilengedwe ndi thonje lachikhalidwe:
Mbewu:
Thonje lachilengedwe: 1% yokha ya thonje padziko lonse lapansi ndi lachilengedwe. Mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polima thonje lachilengedwe ziyenera kukhala zosasinthidwa majini, ndipo kupeza mbewu zopanda GMO kukuvuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kufunikira kochepa kwa ogula.
Thonje losinthidwa majini: Thonje lachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri limalimidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu zosinthidwa majini. Kusintha kwa majini kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa poizoni ndi allergenicity ya mbewu, zomwe sizimadziwika bwino pa zokolola za mbewu ndi chilengedwe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi:
Thonje lachilengedwe: Kulima thonje lachilengedwe kungachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi 91%. 80% ya thonje lachilengedwe limalimidwa m'malo ouma, ndipo njira monga kupanga manyowa ndi kusinthasintha kwa mbewu zimawonjezera kusunga madzi m'nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isadalire kwambiri kuthirira.
Thonje losinthidwa majini: Njira zachikhalidwe zolimitsira zimapangitsa kuti nthaka isasunge madzi ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azifunika kwambiri.
Mankhwala:
Thonje lachilengedwe: Thonje lachilengedwe limalimidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo oopsa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa alimi a thonje, ogwira ntchito, ndi madera a alimi kukhala athanzi. (Kuvulaza kwa thonje ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo osinthidwa majini kwa alimi ndi ogwira ntchito a thonje n'kosayerekezeka)
Thonje losinthidwa majini: 25% ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo padziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa thonje lachikhalidwe. Monocrotophos, Endosulfan, ndi Methamidophos ndi mankhwala atatu ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga thonje lachikhalidwe, zomwe zimaika pachiwopsezo chachikulu pa thanzi la anthu.
Dothi:
Thonje lachilengedwe: Kulima thonje lachilengedwe kumachepetsa acidity m'nthaka ndi 70% komanso kukokoloka kwa nthaka ndi 26%. Kumawonjezera ubwino wa nthaka, kumachotsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide, komanso kumawonjezera kukana chilala ndi kusefukira kwa madzi.
Thonje losinthidwa majini: Limachepetsa chonde m'nthaka, limachepetsa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, ndipo limayambitsa kukokoloka ndi kuwonongeka kwa nthaka. Manyowa opangidwa ndi poizoni amathamangira m'madzi ndi mvula.
Zotsatira:
Thonje lachilengedwe: Thonje lachilengedwe limathandiza kuti pakhale malo otetezeka; limachepetsa kutentha kwa dziko, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, komanso kutulutsa mpweya woipa. Limathandiza kuti pakhale kusiyana kwa zachilengedwe komanso limachepetsa mavuto azachuma kwa alimi.
Thonje losinthidwa majini: Kupanga feteleza, kuwonongeka kwa feteleza m'munda, ndi ntchito zamathirakitala ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zingayambitse kutentha kwa dziko. Zimawonjezera zoopsa pa thanzi la alimi ndi ogula komanso zimachepetsa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana.
Njira yolima thonje lachilengedwe:
Dothi: Dothi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima thonje lachilengedwe liyenera kusinthidwa kukhala lachilengedwe kwa zaka zitatu, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi feteleza wa mankhwala kumaletsedwa.
Feteleza: Thonje lachilengedwe limafeteleza ndi feteleza wachilengedwe monga zotsalira za zomera ndi ndowe za ziweto (monga ndowe za ng'ombe ndi nkhosa).
Kuchotsa udzu: Kuchotsa udzu pamanja kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makina olima udzu pogwiritsa ntchito thonje lachilengedwe. Nthaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba udzu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yobiriwira.
Kuletsa tizilombo: Thonje lachilengedwe limagwiritsa ntchito adani achilengedwe a tizilombo, kuletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kapena kusaka tizilombo pang'ono. Njira zakuthupi monga misampha ya tizilombo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa tizilombo.
Kukolola: Mu nthawi yokolola, thonje lachilengedwe limatengedwa pamanja masamba atauma ndi kugwa mwachilengedwe. Matumba a nsalu amitundu yachilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupewa kuipitsidwa ndi mafuta ndi mafuta.
Kupanga nsalu: Ma enzyme achilengedwe, starch, ndi zina zowonjezera zachilengedwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mafuta ndi kukula kwake pokonza thonje lachilengedwe.
Kupaka utoto: Thonje lachilengedwe silinapakidwe utoto kapena limagwiritsa ntchito utoto wachilengedwe wa zomera kapena utoto wosawononga chilengedwe womwe wayesedwa ndi kuvomerezedwa.
Njira yopangira nsalu zachilengedwe:
Thonje lachilengedwe ≠ Nsalu yachilengedwe: Chovala chingatchulidwe kuti "100% thonje lachilengedwe," koma ngati chilibe satifiketi ya GOTS kapena satifiketi ya China Organic Products ndi code yachilengedwe, kupanga nsalu, kusindikiza ndi kuyika utoto, ndi kukonza zovala kungachitikebe mwanjira yachikhalidwe.
Kusankha mitundu: Mitundu ya thonje iyenera kuchokera ku ulimi wachilengedwe kapena mitundu yachilengedwe yakuthengo yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa kudzera pa positi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya thonje yosinthidwa majini n'koletsedwa.
Zofunikira pa ulimi wothirira nthaka: Manyowa achilengedwe ndi feteleza wachilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pothirira, ndipo madzi othirira ayenera kukhala opanda kuipitsidwa. Mukamaliza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi zinthu zina zoletsedwa malinga ndi miyezo yopangira zachilengedwe, palibe mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa zaka zitatu. Nthawi yosinthira zachilengedwe imatsimikiziridwa pambuyo pokwaniritsa miyezo kudzera mu mayeso ndi mabungwe ovomerezeka, pambuyo pake imatha kukhala munda wa thonje lachilengedwe.
Kuyesa Zotsalira: Mukapempha satifiketi ya munda wa thonje lachilengedwe, malipoti okhudza zotsalira za zitsulo zolemera, mankhwala ophera udzu, kapena zinthu zina zomwe zingawononge nthaka, nthaka yolima, nthaka yophikidwa pansi pa nthaka, ndi zitsanzo za mbewu, komanso malipoti oyesa ubwino wa madzi a madzi othirira, ayenera kuperekedwa. Njirayi ndi yovuta ndipo imafuna zikalata zambiri. Pambuyo pokhala munda wa thonje lachilengedwe, mayeso omwewo ayenera kuchitika zaka zitatu zilizonse.
Kukolola: Musanakolole, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa malo okolola kuti muwone ngati zokolola zonse zili zoyera komanso zopanda kuipitsidwa monga thonje wamba, thonje losayera, komanso kusakaniza thonje kwambiri. Malo olekanitsira ayenera kusankhidwa, ndipo kukolola pamanja ndikoyenera.
Kupaka utoto: Mafakitale opangira utoto ayenera kufufuzidwa kuti awone ngati ali aukhondo asanakapike utoto. Kupaka utoto kuyenera kuchitika kokha pambuyo powuyang'anira, ndipo payenera kukhala kupatula ndi kupewa kuipitsidwa. Lembani momwe ntchito yokonza zinthu ikuyendera, ndipo thonje loyamba liyenera kuchotsedwa.
Kusungira: Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi ziyeneretso zogawa zinthu zachilengedwe. Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi woyang'anira thonje lachilengedwe, ndipo lipoti lonse lowunikira mayendedwe liyenera kusungidwa.
Kupota ndi kudayira: Malo opota a thonje lachilengedwe ayenera kuchotsedwa ku mitundu ina, ndipo zida zopangira ziyenera kukhala zapadera osati zosakanizidwa. Utoto wopangidwa uyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi OKTEX100. Utoto wa zomera umagwiritsa ntchito utoto wachilengedwe wa zomera kuti udayike bwino chilengedwe.
Kuluka: Malo oluka ayenera kulekanitsidwa ndi madera ena, ndipo zothandizira kukonza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza ziyenera kutsatira muyezo wa OKTEX100.
Izi ndi njira zomwe zimafunika pakulima thonje lachilengedwe komanso kupanga nsalu zachilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-28-2024